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Series on Hilu About an American Family That Deals With Bin Laden

2012 movie by Kathryn Bigelow

Zero Dark Thirty
ZeroDarkThirty2012Poster.jpg
Directed by Kathryn Bigelow
Written by Mark Boal
Produced by
  • Kathryn Bigelow
  • Mark Boal
  • Megan Ellison
Starring
  • Jessica Chastain
  • Jason Clarke
  • Joel Edgerton
  • Jennifer Ehle
  • Marking Strong
  • Kyle Chandler
  • Édgar Ramírez
  • James Gandolfini
Cinematography Greig Fraser
Edited by
  • Dylan Tichenor
  • William Goldenberg
Music by Alexandre Desplat

Product
companies
  • Columbia Pictures
  • Commencement Light Productions
  • Annapurna Pictures
Distributed by
  • Sony Pictures Releasing
    (Usa and Japan)
  • Panorama Media[1]
    (International)

Release dates
  • December 10, 2012 (2012-12-10) (Los Angeles)
  • December 19, 2012 (2012-12-19) (United States)

Running time

 157 minutes[2]
State United States
Language English
Upkeep $40-52.five million[3] [4]
Box office $132.8 million[three]

Aught Dark Thirty is a 2012 American thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written past Mark Boal. The picture dramatizes the about decade-long international manhunt for Osama bin Laden, leader of terrorist network Al-Qaeda, subsequently the September 11 attacks. This search leads to the discovery of his compound in Pakistan and the military machine raid where bin Laden was killed on May 2, 2011.

Jessica Chastain stars as Maya, a fictional CIA intelligence analyst, with Jason Clarke, Joel Edgerton, Reda Kateb, Mark Stiff, James Gandolfini, Kyle Chandler, Stephen Dillane, Chris Pratt, Édgar Ramírez, Fares Fares, Jennifer Ehle, John Barrowman, Marking Duplass, Harold Perrineau, and Frank Grillo in supporting roles.[v] [6] It was produced by Boal, Bigelow, and Megan Ellison, and independently financed by Ellison's Annapurna Pictures. The film premiered in Los Angeles on December 10, 2012, and had its broad release on Jan xi, 2013.[seven]

Zip Nighttime Thirty received critical acclaim for its acting, direction, screenplay and editing, and was a box function success, grossing $132 million worldwide. It appeared on 95 critics' pinnacle 10 lists of 2012. Information technology was besides nominated in five categories at the 85th Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actress for Chastain, Best Original Screenplay, All-time Film Editing, and Best Sound Editing, which it won in a tie with Skyfall. It earned Aureate Globe Award nominations for Best Motility Picture – Drama, Best Manager, Best Screenplay, and Best Actress in a Motion Pic – Drama for Chastain, who won.

The movie's delineation of torture (and then-called "enhanced interrogation techniques") generated controversy. Some critics, in light of the interrogations being depicted as gaining reliable, useful, and accurate information, considered the scenes pro-torture propaganda.[8] [nine] [10] [11] [12] Former acting acting director of the CIA Michael Morell felt that the picture show created the false impression that torture was cardinal to finding bin Laden.[13] Others described information technology equally an anti-torture exposure of interrogation practices.[14]

Republican Congressman Peter T. Male monarch charged that the filmmakers were given improper access to classified materials, which they denied.[15] An unreleased draft of a report prepared past the Inspector Full general and published in June 2013 past the Projection On Government Oversight stated that former CIA Director Leon Panetta discussed classified information during an awards ceremony for the United States Navy SEALs team that carried out the raid on the bin Laden compound. Unbeknownst to Panetta, screenwriter Boal was among the ane,300 nowadays during the ceremony.[16]

Plot [edit]

Maya Harris is a CIA annotator tasked with finding the al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. In 2003, she is stationed at the U.Southward. embassy in Pakistan. She and CIA officer Dan nourish the black site interrogations of Ammar (Reda Kateb), a detainee with suspected links to several of the hijackers in the September 11 attacks and who is subjected to approved torture interrogation techniques. Ammar provides unreliable data on a suspected set on in Kingdom of saudi arabia, only reveals the name of the personal courier for bin Laden, Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti. Other detainee intelligence connects courier traffic by Abu Ahmed betwixt Abu Faraj al-Libbi and bin Laden. In 2005, Faraj denies knowing about a courier named Abu Ahmed; Maya interprets this as an try by Faraj to conceal the importance of Abu Ahmed.

In 2009, during the Military camp Chapman assail, Maya's fellow officer and friend Jessica is killed past a suicide bomber. Thomas, an analyst who liked the Abu Ahmed lead, shares with Maya an interrogation of a Jordanian detainee claiming to accept buried Abu Ahmed in 2001. Maya learns what the CIA was told 5 years before: Ibrahim Sayeed traveled under the proper name of Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti. Realizing her lead may exist alive, Maya contacts Dan, now a senior officeholder at the CIA headquarters. She speculates that the CIA'southward photograph of Ahmed is that of his brother, Habeeb, who was killed in Afghanistan. Maya says that their beards and native clothes make the brothers look alike, explaining the account of Ahmed'south "death" in 2001.

A Kuwaiti prince trades the phone number of Sayeed's female parent to Dan for a Lamborghini Gallardo Bicolore. Maya and her CIA team in Islamic republic of pakistan employ electronic methods to eventually pinpoint a caller in a moving vehicle who exhibits behaviors that delay confirmation of his identity (which Maya calls tradecraft, thus confirming that the subject is likely a senior courier). They track the vehicle to a large urban compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. After gunmen assault Maya while she is in her vehicle, she is recalled to Washington, D.C. as her comprehend is believed blown.

The CIA puts the compound nether surveillance, merely obtains no conclusive identification of bin Laden. The President'due south National Security Counselor tasks the CIA with creating a plan to capture or kill bin Laden. Before briefing President Barack Obama, the CIA managing director holds a coming together of his senior officers, who estimate that bin Laden is 60–80% likely to be in the compound. Maya, also in the meeting, places her confidence at 100%.

On May 2, 2011, the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment flies ii stealth helicopters from Transitional islamic state of afghanistan into Pakistan with members of DEVGRU and the CIA'south Special Activities Segmentation to raid the compound. The SEALs proceeds entry and kill a number of people in the compound, including a man whom they believe is bin Laden. At a U.S. base in Jalalabad, Afghanistan, Maya confirms the identity of the corpse.

She boards a military machine ship back to the U.S., the sole passenger. She is asked where she wants to go and begins to weep.

Cast [edit]

CIA

  • Jessica Chastain as Maya Harris, a CIA intelligence analyst[17]
  • Jason Clarke as Dan Fuller, a CIA intelligence officer
  • Jennifer Ehle as Jessica Karley, a senior CIA analyst
  • Marking Strong every bit George Panetta, a senior CIA supervisor[17]
  • Kyle Chandler as Joseph Bradley, Islamabad CIA Station Chief
  • James Gandolfini equally CIA Manager Leon Panetta
  • Harold Perrineau as Jack Fuller, a CIA analyst
  • Marking Duplass as Steve Bradley, a CIA analyst
  • Fredric Lehne every bit Fred "The Wolf" Guerrero, a CIA department chief
  • John Barrowman as Jeremy Karley, a CIA executive
  • Jessie Collins equally Debbie Stone, a CIA analyst
  • Édgar Ramírez as Larry Handley, a CIA SAD/SOG operative
  • Fares Fares as Hakim, a CIA SAD/SOG operative
  • Scott Adkins as John Simmons, a CIA SAD/SOG operative
  • Jeremy Strong every bit Thomas, a CIA analyst

US Navy

  • Joel Edgerton as Patrick Grayston, DEVGRU (SEAL Team 6) team leader
  • Chris Pratt as Justin Lenihan, DEVGRU operator. Peradventure based on real operator, Robert O'Neill.[18]
  • Callan Mulvey as Saber Till, DEVGRU operator. Perhaps based on real operator Marking Owen, author of No Piece of cake Day.[19]
  • Taylor Kinney equally Jared Bradley, DEVGRU operator
  • Mike Colter as Mike, DEVGRU operator
  • Frank Grillo as DEVGRU Commanding officer
  • Christopher Stanley as JSOC Commander Vice Admiral Bill McRaven[N ane]

Other

  • Stephen Dillane as National Security Advisor Tom Donilon
  • Marking Valley as C-130 pilot
  • John Schwab every bit Deputy National Security Advisor
  • Reda Kateb equally Ammar, a terrorist who is tortured for information
  • Homayoun Ershadi as Hassan Ghul
  • Yoav Levi as Abu Farraj al-Libbi
  • Ricky Sekhon every bit Osama bin Laden, leader and founder of Al Qaeda

Production [edit]

Titles [edit]

The film's working title was For God and State.[twenty] The title Zero Dark Xxx was officially confirmed at the finish of the film's teaser trailer.[21] Bigelow has explained that "it'south a armed forces term for xxx minutes later on midnight, and information technology refers as well to the darkness and secrecy that cloaked the entire decade-long mission."[22]

Writing [edit]

Bigelow and Boal had initially worked on and finished a screenplay centered on the December 2001 Boxing of Tora Bora, and the long, unsuccessful efforts to discover Osama bin Laden in the region. The two were most to brainstorm filming when news broke that bin Laden had been killed.

They immediately shelved the film they had been working on and redirected their focus, essentially starting from scratch. "But a lot of the homework I'd done for the commencement script and a lot of the contacts I fabricated, carried over," Boal remarked during an interview with Entertainment Weekly. He added, "The years I had spent talking to armed services and intelligence operators involved in counter-terrorism was helpful in both projects. Some of the sourcing I had developed long, long ago continued to be helpful for this version."[23]

Forth with painstakingly recreating the celebrated night-vision raid on the Abbottabad compound, the script and the film stress the picayune-reported role of the tenacious young female CIA officeholder who tracked downwards Osama bin Laden. Screenwriter Boal said that while researching for the moving picture, "I heard through the grapevine that women played a big role in the CIA in general and in this team. I heard that a adult female was there on the dark of the raid as one of the CIA'southward liaison officers on the basis – and that was the start of it." He then turned up stories nearly a immature case officer who was recruited out of college, who had spent her entire career chasing bin Laden. Maya's tough-minded, monomaniacal persona, Boal said, is "based on a real person, but she likewise represents the work of a lot of other women."[24] In Dec 2014 Jane Mayer of The New Yorker wrote that "Maya" was modeled in part after CIA officeholder Alfreda Frances Bikowsky.[25]

Filming [edit]

Parts of the pic were shot at PEC University of Applied science in Chandigarh, Bharat.[26] [27] Some parts of Chandigarh were designed to await similar Lahore and Abbottabad in Pakistan, where Osama bin Laden was found and killed on May 2, 2011.[28] Parts of the motion picture were shot in Mani Majra.[29] Local members of Hindu nationalist parties protested, expressing anti-bin Laden and anti-Pakistan sentiments as they objected to Pakistani locations being portrayed on Indian soil.[xxx] [31] For a lone scene shot in Poland, the city of Gdańsk was reportedly offended for depicting information technology every bit a location for the CIA's undercover and dark operations.[32]

National security expert Peter Bergen, who reviewed an early cut of the film as an unpaid adviser, said at the time that the flick's torture scenes "were overwrought". Boal said they were "toned down" in the terminal cut.[33]

Music [edit]

Alexandre Desplat composed and conducted the film'south score.[34] The score, performed by the London Symphony Orchestra, was released as a soundtrack album by Madison Gate Records on December 19, 2012.[35]

No. Championship Length
one. "Flight to Compound" five:07
2. "Drive to Embassy" 1:44
3. "Bombings" 3:46
4. "Ammar" 4:06
5. "Monkeys" 2:59
6. "Northern Territories" 3:46
7. "Seals Have Off" 2:34
8. "21 Days" 2:04
ix. "Preparation for Assault" one:45
10. "Balawi" 3:15
eleven. "Dead Stop" three:26
12. "Maya on Airplane" 3:59
xiii. "Area 51" 1:42
14. "Tracking Calls" three:46
xv. "Picket Lines" 3:03
16. "Towers" 2:02
17. "Chopper" i:48
18. "Back to Base" 2:41

Marketing [edit]

Electronic Arts promoted Zero Night Thirty in its video game Medal of Laurels: Warfighter by offering downloadable maps of locations depicted in the film. Additional maps for the game were fabricated available on December 19, to coincide with the film's initial release. Electronic Arts donates $1 to nonprofit organizations that support veterans for each Nada Dark Thirty map pack sold.[36]

Release [edit]

Disquisitional response [edit]

On Rotten Tomatoes the moving picture has an approving rating of 91% based on 302 reviews, with an average rating of 8.60/10. The website'south critical consensus reads, "Gripping, suspenseful, and brilliantly crafted, Zero Nighttime Thirty dramatizes the hunt for Osama bin Laden with intelligence and an eye for detail."[37] On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 95 out of 100, based on 46 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". It was the site's best-reviewed pic of 2012.[38] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the moving-picture show an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F calibration.[39]

New York Times critic Manohla Dargis, who designated the film a New York Times critics' pick, said that the picture "shows the dark side of that state of war. It shows the unspeakable and lets u.s. decide if the death of Bin Laden was worth the price we paid."[40]

Richard Corliss's review in Fourth dimension magazine chosen it "a fine" picture show and "a police force procedural on the grand scale", saying it "blows Argo out of the water".[41] Calling Cypher Dark 30 "a milestone in mail service-Sept. eleven cinema", critic A. O. Scott of The New York Times listed the film at number 6 of the summit 10 films of 2012.[42]

The New Yorker flick critic David Denby lauded the filmmakers for their arroyo. "The virtue of Zero Night Thirty," wrote Denby, "is that information technology pays shut attending to the way life does work; it combines ruthlessness and humanity in a manner that is paradoxical and disconcerting nonetheless satisfying as fine art." Only Denby faulted the filmmakers for getting lodged on the separate between fact and fiction.[43]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the picture three stars out of four.[44] He believed the "opening scenes are not great filmmaking", but Ebert idea Nothing Night Thirty eventually proved itself with the quiet determination of Chastain's performance and a gripping portrayal of the behind-the-scenes detail that led to bin Laden's death.

Top 10 lists [edit]

Nix Dark Xxx was listed on many critics' top ten lists. According to Metacritic the film appeared on 95 critics' top ten lists of 2012, 17 of which placed the film at No. i.[45] [46] [47]

  • 1st – Richard Roeper
  • 1st – David Denby, The New Yorker (tied with Lincoln)
  • 1st – Lisa Schwarzbaum, Amusement Weekly
  • 1st – Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
  • 1st – Ann Hornaday, The Washington Mail
  • 1st – Scott Foundas, Village Voice
  • 1st – Mary Pols, Time
  • 1st – David Edelstein, New York
  • 1st – Peter Knegt & Nigel K. Smith, Indiewire
  • 1st – Christopher Orr, The Atlantic
  • 1st – Keith Phipps, The A.V. Order
  • 2d – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
  • 2nd – Eric Kohn, Indiewire
  • 2d – Stephanie Zacharek, Moving picture.com
  • 2nd – Joshua Rothkopf, Time Out New York
  • 2nd – A.A. Dowd and Ben Kenigsberg, Time Out Chicago
  • 2nd – Noel Murray, The A.5. Social club
  • 2nd – Gregory Ellwood, Hitfix
  • 2nd – Scott Mantz, Access Hollywood
  • 2nd – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
  • third – Stephen Holden, The New York Times
  • 3rd – Ty Burr, Boston Globe
  • 3rd – Betsy Sharkey, Los Angeles Times
  • tertiary – Mick LaSalle, San Francisco Chronicle
  • tertiary – Elizabeth Weitzman, New York Daily News
  • 3rd – Bill Goodykoontz, Arizona Commonwealth
  • 3rd – Lou Lumenick, New York Post
  • tertiary – Anne Thompson & Caryn James, IndieWire
  • 3rd – Tasha Robinson, The A.V. Social club
  • 4th – Andrew O'Hehir, Salon.com
  • 4th – Glenn Kenny, MSN Movies
  • 4th – Marlow Stern, The Daily Beast
  • 5th – Owen Gleiberman, Entertainment Weekly
  • 5th - Christy Lemire, Associated Press
  • 5th – Drew McWeeny, HitFix
  • fifth – Todd McCarthy, The Hollywood Reporter
  • 5th – Kyle Smith, New York Post
  • 6th – Richard Corliss, Time
  • 6th – A.O. Scott, The New York Times
  • 7th – Kevin Jagernauth, IndieWire
  • seventh – Lisa Kennedy, Denver Postal service
  • 7th – Alison Willmore, The A.5. Club
  • eighth – Scott Tobias, The A.Five. Club
  • 9th – Keith Uhlich, Time Out New York
  • ninth – Joe Neumaier, New York Daily News
  • tenth – Steven Rea, Philadelphia Inquirer
  • 10th – Dana Stevens, Slate
  • Top ten (ranked alphabetically) – Richard Lawson, The Atlantic
  • Meridian 10 (listed alphabetically) – Manohla Dargis, The New York Times
  • Height 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Calvin Wilson, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
  • Summit 10 (listed alphabetically) – Joe Morgenstern, The Wall Street Journal
  • Best of 2012 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times

In 2016, Zero Dark 30 was voted the 57th greatest motion picture to be released since 2000 in a critics' poll conducted by the BBC.[48]

Box office [edit]

The limited release of Zero Dark Thirty grossed $417,150 in the Us and Canada in only five theaters.[49] A wide release followed on January 11.

Entertainment Weekly wrote, "The controversial Oscar contender hands topped the chart in its first weekend of broad release with $24.four 1000000."[50] Zero Dark 30 grossed $95,720,716 in the U.S. and Canada, along with $37,100,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $132,820,716.[3] It was the meridian-grossing film of its broad release premiere weekend.[51]

Accolades [edit]

Zero Dark Thirty was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Extra, Best Original Screenplay, Best Audio Editing and Best Moving picture Editing. Paul N. J. Ottosson won the University Honor for Best Sound Editing, tying with Skyfall. This was only the 6th tie in Academy Awards history, and the first since 1994. Zero Night Thirty was nominated for four Aureate Globe Awards at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, including All-time Motion Movie – Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, with Chastain winning Best Extra – Movement Picture Drama.

The Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association'due south laurels for All-time Director was given to Bigelow, the 2d fourth dimension the accolade has gone to a woman (the first also being Bigelow for The Hurt Locker). The film swept critics groups' awards for Best Manager and Best Picture including the Washington D.C., New York Moving-picture show Critics Online, Chicago and Boston moving-picture show critics associations.[52]

Home media [edit]

Zippo Dark Thirty was released on DVD[53] and Blu-ray Disc on March 26, 2013.[54]

Prequel [edit]

Writer Boal has stated his interest in making the original film on the 2001 Tora Bora hunt for bin Laden that he and Bigelow conceived. That finished screenplay had been prepare bated after bin Laden was killed in 2011 to focus on what became Goose egg Dark Thirty. "I beloved reporting, then beingness on a big story is really exciting to me," said Boal, a sometime war journalist, of his scramble to write a new script after the result. "But nobody likes to throw out 2 years of work."[55]

Historical accuracy [edit]

Zero Dark Thirty has received criticism for historical inaccuracy. Former Banana Secretary of Defense Graham T. Allison has opined that the moving-picture show is inaccurate in iii important regards: the overstatement of the positive part of torture, the understatement of the office of the Obama administration, and the portrayal of the efforts as existence driven by ane amanuensis battling against the CIA "system".[56]

Steve Coll criticized the early on depictions in the film that portrayed it as "journalism" with the use of composite characters. He took issue with the picture show'south using the names of historical figures and details of their lives for characters, such as using details for "Ammar" to suggest that he was Ali Abdul Aziz Ali, whose nom de guerre was Ammar al-Baluchi. Coll said the facts about him were different from what was portrayed in the film, which suggests the detainee will never leave the black site. Al-Baluchi was transferred to Guantanamo in 2006 for a military machine tribunal.[57]

It was also criticized for its stereotypical portrayal of Pakistan likewise as the inaccurate portrayal of Pakistani nationals speaking Arabic instead of Urdu and other regional languages, and locals wearing obsolete headgear.[58]

Controversies [edit]

Allegations of partisanship [edit]

Partisan political controversy related to the motion picture arose before shooting began.[23] Opponents of the Obama Administration charged that Goose egg Dark Xxx was scheduled for an October release merely earlier the Nov presidential ballot to support his re-election.[59] [lx] Sony denied that politics was a factor in release scheduling and said the date was the all-time available spot for an activity-thriller in a crowded lineup. The movie's screenwriter added, "the president is not depicted in the pic. He's but not in the motion picture."[61]

The distributor Columbia Pictures, sensitive to political perceptions, considered rescheduling the film release for as tardily as early 2013. It set a limited-release date for December 19, 2012, well after the ballot and rendering moot any alleged political conflict.[twenty] [62] [63] [64] [65] The nationwide release date was pushed dorsum to January 11, 2013, moving it out of the crowded Christmas menses and closer to the Academy Awards.[66] After the film'southward limited release, given the controversy related to the film'south delineation of torture and its role in gaining critical information, The New York Times columnist Frank Bruni concluded that the film is "a far, far weep from the rousing slice of pro-Obama propaganda that some conservatives feared it would be".[67] Two months subsequently, the paper's columnist Roger Cohen wrote that the film was "a mettlesome work that is disturbing in the way that art should be". Cohen disagreed with Steve Coll's critique of the screenwriter's stated effort not to "play fast and loose with history", writing that "Boal has honored those words". Cohen ended with a note about a Timothy Garton Ash assay of George Orwell mixing fact and "invented" stories in Downward and Out in Paris and London – as farther support for Boal's method.[68]

Allegations of improper access to classified data [edit]

Several Republican sources charged the Obama Administration of improperly providing Bigelow and her team access to classified information during their research for the film. These charges, along with charges of other leaks to the media, became a prevalent ballot season talking point by conservatives. The Republican national convention party platform even claimed Obama "has tolerated publicizing the details of the operation to kill the leader of Al Qaeda."[63] No release of these details has been proven according to the Navy Times.[69]

The Republican congressman Peter T. King requested that the CIA and the U.S. Defence force Section investigate if classified information was inappropriately released; both departments said they would look into it.[70] The CIA responded to Congressman Rex writing, "the protection of national security equities – including the preservation of our ability to comport effective counterterrorism operations – is the decisive factor in determining how the CIA engages with filmmakers and the media as a whole."[71]

The conservative watchdog group Judicial Watch publicized CIA and U.South. Defence force Department documents obtained through a Freedom of Data Act (FOIA) request, and alleged that "unusual access to agency data" was granted to the filmmakers. An test of the documents showed no show that classified information was leaked to the filmmakers. In addition, CIA records did non show any involvement by the White Business firm in relation to the filmmakers.[twenty] [63] The filmmakers have said they were not given access to classified details most Osama bin Laden's killing.[72] In 2012, Judicial Watch released an article stating the Obama Administration admitted that the information provided to the production team could pose an "unnecessary security and counterintelligence run a risk" if the data were to be released to the public. Judicial Watch also found emails containing data on 5 CIA and military operatives that were involved in the Bin Laden operations. These emails were provided to the filmmakers, as was later confirmed by the Obama Administration in a sworn declaration.[73]

In January 2013, Reuters reported that the U.s.a. Senate Select Commission on Intelligence would review the contacts betwixt the CIA and the filmmakers to observe out whether Bigelow and Boal had inappropriate access to classified information.[74] In February, Reuters reported that the inquiry had been dropped.[75]

In June 2013, information came out near an unreleased U.S. Defense force Department Inspector General'south part report. It stated that in June 2011, while giving a spoken language at a CIA Headquarters event honoring the people involved in the Osama Bin Laden raid, CIA Director Leon Panetta disclosed information classified as "Secret" and "Peak Undercover" regarding personnel involved in the raid on the Bin Laden compound.[76] He identified the unit of measurement that conducted the raid as well equally naming the footing commander that was in accuse. Panetta also revealed DoD data during his speech that was classified as "Top Hush-hush." Unknown to him, screenwriter Marker Boal was amidst the around 1300 present during the anniversary.[xvi]

Allegations of pro-torture stance [edit]

The film has been both criticized and praised for its handling of its field of study matter, including the portrayal of the harsh "enhanced interrogation techniques", commonly classified equally torture. The use of these techniques was long kept secret by the Bush administration. (See Torture Memos, The Torture Written report.) Glenn Greenwald, in The Guardian, stated that the motion-picture show takes a pro-torture stance, describing it every bit "pernicious propaganda" and stating that it "presents torture as its CIA proponents and administrators see information technology: as a dirty, ugly business that is necessary to protect America."[viii] Critic Frank Bruni concluded that the picture show appears to suggest "No waterboarding, no Bin Laden".[67] Jesse David Fox writes that the film "doesn't explicitly say that torture defenseless bin Laden, simply in portraying torture as one part of the successful search, it can be read that style."[77] Emily Bazelon said, "The filmmakers didn't set out to be Bush-Cheney apologists", but "they adopted a close-to-the-ground point of view, and perhaps they're in denial about how far down the path to condoning torture this led them."[78]

Journalist Michael Wolff slammed the film equally a "nasty piece of pulp and propaganda" and Bigelow every bit a "fetishist and sadist" for distorting history with a pro-torture viewpoint. Wolff disputed the efficacy of torture and the claim that it contributed to the discovery of bin Laden.[ix] In an open letter, social critic and feminist Naomi Wolf criticized Bigelow for challenge the film was "part documentary" and speculated over the reasons for Bigelow'due south "amoral compromising" of film-making, suggesting that the more than pro-military a movie, the easier it is to acquire Pentagon support for scenes involving expensive, futuristic military equipment. Wolf likened Bigelow to the acclaimed director and propagandist for the Nazi authorities Leni Riefenstahl, proverb: "Like Riefenstahl, you are a bang-up artist. But now you will be remembered forever every bit torture'southward handmaiden."[10] Writer Karen J. Greenberg wrote that "Bigelow has bought in, hook, line, and sinker, to the ethos of the Bush-league administration and its apologists" and chosen the film "the perfect slice of propaganda, with all the appeal that naked brutality, fearfulness, and revenge tin bring".[11] Peter Maass of The Atlantic said the film "represents a troubling new frontier of government-embedded filmmaking".[79]

Jane Mayer of The New Yorker, who has published The Dark Side, a book most the use of torture during the Bush administration, criticized the film, saying that Bigelow was

milk[ing] the U.S. torture program for drama while sidestepping the political and ethical fence that information technology provoked ... [By] excising the moral debate that raged over the interrogation program during the Bush-league years, the film also seems to take near without question that the CIA'due south 'enhanced interrogation techniques' played a primal role in enabling the agency to identify the courier who unwittingly led them to bin Laden.[eighty]

Author Greg Mitchell wrote that "the film's depiction of torture helping to get bin Laden is muddled at all-time – but the overall impression by the finish, for virtually viewers, probably volition be: Yes, torture played an of import (if not the key) part."[81] Filmmaker Alex Gibney called the film a "stylistic masterwork" but criticized the "irresponsible and inaccurate" depiction of torture, writing:

at that place is no cinematic evidence in the film that EITs led to false information – lies that were swallowed whole considering of the misplaced confidence in the efficacy of torture. Nearly students of this subject admit that torture can lead to the truth. But what Boal/Bigelow neglect to show is how ofttimes the CIA deluded itself into assertive that torture was a magic bullet, with disastrous results.[82]

Philosopher Slavoj Žižek, in an article for The Guardian, criticized what he perceived every bit a "normalization" of torture in the flick, arguing that the mere neutrality on an issue many see equally revolting is already a type of endorsement per se. Žižek proposed that if a similar film were made most a cruel rape or the Holocaust, such a movie would "embody a deeply immoral fascination with its topic, or information technology would count on the obscene neutrality of its manner to engender dismay and horror in spectators." Žižek further panned Bigelow's stance of coldly presenting the issue in a rational manner, instead of beingness dogmatically rejected as a repulsive, unethical proposition.[83]

Announcer Steve Coll, who has written on foreign policy, national security and the bin Laden family, criticized the filmmakers for maxim the film was "journalistic", which implies that it is based in fact. At the same time, they claimed artistic license, which he described "as an alibi for shoddy reporting virtually a subject as important every bit whether torture had a vital function in the search for bin Laden".[57] Coll wrote that "arguably, the film's degree of accent on torture's significance goes across what fifty-fifty the most die-hard defenders of the CIA interrogation regime ... have argued", equally he said it was shown equally disquisitional at several points.[57]

U.Due south. Senator John McCain, who was tortured during his time as a prisoner of war in North Vietnam, said that the film left him ill – "because it'due south incorrect". In a oral communication in the Senate, he said, "Non simply did the utilise of enhanced interrogation techniques on Khalid Sheikh Mohammed not provide u.s. with key leads on bin Laden'south courier, Abu Ahmed, it actually produced false and misleading information."[84] McCain and beau senators Dianne Feinstein and Carl Levin sent a critical alphabetic character to Michael Lynton, chairman of the film's benefactor, Sony Pictures Amusement, stating, "[W]ith the release of Zero Dark Thirty, the filmmakers and your production studio are perpetuating the myth that torture is effective. Y'all have a social and moral obligation to get the facts right."[85]

Michael Morell, the CIA's acting manager, sent a public alphabetic character on Dec 21, 2012, to the agency'southward employees, which said that Zero Dark 30

takes meaning artistic license, while portraying itself as being historically accurate ... [The film] creates the stiff impression that the enhanced interrogation techniques that were function of our former detention and interrogation plan were the key to finding Bin Ladin. That impression is simulated. ... [T]he truth is that multiple streams of intelligence led CIA analysts to conclude that Bin Ladin was hiding in Abbottabad. Some came from detainees subjected to enhanced techniques, but in that location were many other sources likewise. And, chiefly, whether enhanced interrogation techniques were the only timely and effective mode to obtain information from those detainees, as the film suggests, is a matter of contend that cannot and never will be definitively resolved.[86]

The Huffington Post author G. Roger Denson countered this, saying that the filmmakers were being made scapegoats for information openly admitted by government and intelligence officials. Denson said that Leon Panetta, three days after Osama bin Laden's decease, seemed to say that waterboarding was a means of extracting reliable and crucial information in the chase for bin Laden.[87] Denson noted Panetta speaking equally the CIA chief in May 2011, saying that "enhanced interrogation techniques were used to extract information that led to the mission's success". Panetta said waterboarding was among the techniques used.[88] In a Huffington Mail article written a week later, Denson cited other statements from Bush authorities officials saying that torture had yielded information to locate bin Laden.[87]

National security reporter Spencer Ackerman said the film "does not present torture every bit a argent bullet that led to bin Laden; it presents torture equally the ignorant culling to that silverish bullet".[89] Critic Glenn Kenny said that he "saw a picture that subverted a lot of expectations concerning viewer identification and empathy" and that "rather than endorsing the boorishness, the flick makes the viewer in a sense complicit with information technology", which is "[a] whole other tin can of worms".[xc] Author Andrew Sullivan said, "the movie is not an apology for torture, as so many have said, and as I have worried nigh. Information technology is an exposure of torture. It removes any dubiety that war criminals ran this country for seven years".[91] Filmmaker Michael Moore similarly said, "I left the pic thinking it made an incredible argument against torture", and noted that the movie showed the abject brutality of torture.[92] Critic Andrew O'Hehir said that the filmmaker'southward position on torture in the film is cryptic, and artistic choices were fabricated and the motion-picture show poses "splendid questions for us to ask ourselves, arguably defining questions of the historic period, and I call up the longer you await at them the thornier they go".[93]

Screenwriter Boal described the pro-torture accusations as "preposterous", stating that "it's just misreading the motion picture to say that it shows torture leading to the data almost bin Laden", while director Bigelow added: "Exercise I wish [torture] was not part of that history? Yes. But information technology was."[94] In Feb 2013 in the Wall Street Journal, Boal responded to the Senate critics, beingness quoted as maxim "[D]oes that mean they can employ the movie every bit a political platform to talk about what they've been wanting to talk well-nigh for years and years and years? Exercise I think that Feinstein used the movie as a publicity tool to go a chat going most her study? I believe it, ..." referring to the intelligence commission's report on enhanced interrogations. He also said the senators' alphabetic character showed they were all the same concerned most public opinion supporting the effectiveness of torture and didn't desire the movie reinforcing that. Boal said, though, "I don't think that [effectiveness] outcome has really been resolved" if there is a suspect with possible knowledge of imminent attack who will non talk.[95]

In an interview with Time magazine, Bigelow said: "I'g proud of the motion-picture show, and I stand up behind it completely. I recall that it's a securely moral movie that questions the use of force. It questions what was done in the name of finding bin Laden."[96]

[edit]

An all-encompassing prune of the phone phone call to headquarters from Betty Ong, a flight bellboy on i of the hijacked American Airlines planes, was used in the beginning of the motion picture without attribution.[97] Ong'south family unit requested that, if the film won any awards, the filmmakers apologize at the University Awards ceremony for using the clip without getting her heirs' consent. Her family unit also asked that the film'due south U.S. distributors brand a charitable donation in Ong's name, and should become on record that the Ong family does non endorse the use of torture, which is depicted in the film during the search for Osama bin Laden.[97] Neither the filmmakers nor the U.S. distributors e'er heeded whatever of the Ong family unit's requests.[98]

Mary and Frank Fetchet, parents of Brad Fetchet, who worked on the 89th flooring of the Globe Trade Center'southward south belfry, criticized the filmmakers for using a recording of their son's voicemail without permission. The recording has previously been heard in broadcast TV news reports and in testimony for the nine/11 Commission.[99]

See also [edit]

  • List of films featuring the U.s. Navy SEALs
  • No Easy Day: The Firsthand Business relationship of the Mission that Killed Osama bin Laden
  • Seal Squad Six: The Raid on Osama Bin Laden - a docu-drama adaptation of the Bin Laden raid
  • Act of Valor - Another movie also released in 2012 that featured agile-duty Navy SEALs.

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ This is the spelling used by the picture's end credits

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Further reading [edit]

  • "FAREED ZAKARIA GPS The Myth of America'due south Social Mobility; How Authentic is 'Nix Dark Thirty'?; Interview with Neil deGrasse Tyson; Internal Iranian Politics." (transcript) CNN. Feb 24, 2013
  • Why Null Dark Xxx divides the media in half (Dec eighteen, 2012), Alissa Quart, Reuters. "The thriller Cipher Dark Xxx exposed a wide gap between film critics and their counterparts in politics."
  • Schlag, Gabi (2021). "Representing torture in Null Dark Thirty (2012): Popular culture every bit a site of norm contestation". Media, War & Conflict. 14 (two): 174–190. doi:10.1177/1750635219864023.

External links [edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Zip Night 30 at IMDb
  • Zero Dark 30 at Box Office Mojo
  • Zero Night Xxx at Rotten Tomatoes
  • Zero Dark Thirty at Metacritic
  • Interview with Kathryn Bigelow and Mark Boal on Charlie Rose, December 6, 2012

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Dark_Thirty